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A Saudi Arabian woman defiantly drove through her nation's capital while others brazenly cruised past police patrols in the first forays of a campaign that hopes to ignite a road rebellion against the male-only driving rules in the ultra-conservative kingdom.
It was a rare grass-roots challenge to the Saudi monarchy as it tries to ride out the Arab world's recent wave of change. In this case, on Friday, June 17, 2011, the driver's seat was turned into a powerful platform for women's rights in a country where wives and daughters have almost no political voice.
Maha al-Qahtani, a computer specialist at Saudi's Ministry of Education, drove for 45 minutes around the capital, Riyadh, with her husband in the passenger seat. "We've seen that change is possible. This is Saudi women saying, 'This is our time to make a change,'" she said.
40 PARTICIPANTS
About 40 women took part in Friday's show of defiance. No arrests or violence were immediately reported, though al-Qahtani was later ticketed for driving without a license.
But the demonstration could bring difficult choices for the Saudi regime, which has so far has escaped major unrest. Officials could either order a crackdown on the women or give way to the demands at the risk of angering clerics and other conservative groups.
It also could encourage wider reform bids by Saudi women, who are not allowed to vote and must obtain permission from a male guardian to travel or take a job.
Saudi Arabia is the only country that bans women from driving. The prohibition forces families to hire live-in drivers, and those who cannot afford the $300 to $400 a month for a driver must rely on male relatives to drive them to work, school, shopping or the doctor.
FAILED FIRST ATTEMPT
A similar effort more than two decades ago faltered. In November 1990, when US troops were deployed to Saudi Arabia before the invasion to oust Iraqi troops from Kuwait, about 50 women got behind the wheel and drove family cars. They were jailed for one day, had their passports confiscated and lost their jobs.
The official start of the latest campaign follows the 10-day detention in June, 2011, of a 32-year-old woman, Manal al-Sherif, after she posted a video of herself driving. She was released after reportedly signing a pledge that she would not drive again or speak publicly.
Her case, however, sparked an outcry from international rights groups and brought direct appeals to Saudi's rulers to lift the driving ban.
On Friday, activists said security forces mostly stood by in an apparent effort to avoid clashes or international backlash.
Eman al-Nafjan, a prominent Saudi-based blogger, said some women drove directly in front of police units, which made no attempts to intervene. Women participating in the campaign also flooded a senior traffic police officer with text messages saying: "Saudi women demand to drive."
WORLDWIDE WEB OF ENCOURAGEMENT
"To be honest, we didn't expect that," she said in a telephone interview. "The more women who drive without problem, the more that will join them."
Activists have urged Saudi women to begin a mutiny on their own against the driving restrictions, which are supported by clerics backing austere interpretations of Islam and are enforced by powerful morality squads.
Encouragement poured in via the Internet. "Take the wheel. Foot on the gas," said one Twitter message on the main site Women2Drive. Another urged: "Saudi women, start your engines!"
A YouTube page urged supporters around the world to honk their car horns in solidarity with the Saudi women.
"We want women from today to begin exercising their rights," said Wajeha al-Huwaidar, a Saudi women's rights activist who posted Internet clips of herself driving in 2008.
The plan, she said, is for women who have obtained driving licenses abroad to begin doing their daily errands and commuting on their own. "We'll keep it up until we get a royal decree removing the ban," she told The Associated Press.
Al-Nafjan said she accompanied a friend who drove around the capital for 15 minutes with her children in the car. Some 40 women took a drive nationwide, according to reports logged on social media websites keeping track of the event.
A protest supporter, Benjamin Joffe-Walt, said some Saudi men claimed they drove around dressed in the traditional black coverings for women in an attempt to confuse security forces.
INTERNET COUNTER ATTACK
Conservative forces staged an Internet counter attack. One video -denouncing the "revolution of corruption" - featured patriotic songs and a sinister-looking black hand with red fingernails reaching for the Saudi flag. On Facebook, a hard-line group had the message for Saudi women seeking the right to drive: "Dream on."
Saudi Arabia has no written law barring women from driving - only fatwas, or religious edicts, by senior clerics following a strict brand of Islam known as Wahabism.
They claim the driving ban protects against the spread of vice and temptation because women drivers would be free to leave home alone and interact with male strangers. The prohibition forces families to hire live-in drivers or rely on male relatives to drive.
Saudi King Abdullah has promised some social reforms, but he depends on the clerics to support his ruling family and is unlikely to take steps that would bring backlash from the religious establishment.
Meanwhile, an Indonesian woman was executed in Saudi Arabia on Saturday for killing a Saudi woman, the Interior Ministry reported.
Ruyati bit Saboti Saruna confessed to killing the Saudi woman with a machete, the official Saudi Press Agency reported. No details were given about the motives in the killing.
It was a rare grass-roots challenge to the Saudi monarchy as it tries to ride out the Arab world's recent wave of change. In this case, on Friday, June 17, 2011, the driver's seat was turned into a powerful platform for women's rights in a country where wives and daughters have almost no political voice.
Maha al-Qahtani, a computer specialist at Saudi's Ministry of Education, drove for 45 minutes around the capital, Riyadh, with her husband in the passenger seat. "We've seen that change is possible. This is Saudi women saying, 'This is our time to make a change,'" she said.
40 PARTICIPANTS
About 40 women took part in Friday's show of defiance. No arrests or violence were immediately reported, though al-Qahtani was later ticketed for driving without a license.
But the demonstration could bring difficult choices for the Saudi regime, which has so far has escaped major unrest. Officials could either order a crackdown on the women or give way to the demands at the risk of angering clerics and other conservative groups.
It also could encourage wider reform bids by Saudi women, who are not allowed to vote and must obtain permission from a male guardian to travel or take a job.
Saudi Arabia is the only country that bans women from driving. The prohibition forces families to hire live-in drivers, and those who cannot afford the $300 to $400 a month for a driver must rely on male relatives to drive them to work, school, shopping or the doctor.
FAILED FIRST ATTEMPT
A similar effort more than two decades ago faltered. In November 1990, when US troops were deployed to Saudi Arabia before the invasion to oust Iraqi troops from Kuwait, about 50 women got behind the wheel and drove family cars. They were jailed for one day, had their passports confiscated and lost their jobs.
The official start of the latest campaign follows the 10-day detention in June, 2011, of a 32-year-old woman, Manal al-Sherif, after she posted a video of herself driving. She was released after reportedly signing a pledge that she would not drive again or speak publicly.
Her case, however, sparked an outcry from international rights groups and brought direct appeals to Saudi's rulers to lift the driving ban.
On Friday, activists said security forces mostly stood by in an apparent effort to avoid clashes or international backlash.
Eman al-Nafjan, a prominent Saudi-based blogger, said some women drove directly in front of police units, which made no attempts to intervene. Women participating in the campaign also flooded a senior traffic police officer with text messages saying: "Saudi women demand to drive."
WORLDWIDE WEB OF ENCOURAGEMENT
"To be honest, we didn't expect that," she said in a telephone interview. "The more women who drive without problem, the more that will join them."
Activists have urged Saudi women to begin a mutiny on their own against the driving restrictions, which are supported by clerics backing austere interpretations of Islam and are enforced by powerful morality squads.
Encouragement poured in via the Internet. "Take the wheel. Foot on the gas," said one Twitter message on the main site Women2Drive. Another urged: "Saudi women, start your engines!"
A YouTube page urged supporters around the world to honk their car horns in solidarity with the Saudi women.
"We want women from today to begin exercising their rights," said Wajeha al-Huwaidar, a Saudi women's rights activist who posted Internet clips of herself driving in 2008.
The plan, she said, is for women who have obtained driving licenses abroad to begin doing their daily errands and commuting on their own. "We'll keep it up until we get a royal decree removing the ban," she told The Associated Press.
Al-Nafjan said she accompanied a friend who drove around the capital for 15 minutes with her children in the car. Some 40 women took a drive nationwide, according to reports logged on social media websites keeping track of the event.
A protest supporter, Benjamin Joffe-Walt, said some Saudi men claimed they drove around dressed in the traditional black coverings for women in an attempt to confuse security forces.
INTERNET COUNTER ATTACK
Conservative forces staged an Internet counter attack. One video -denouncing the "revolution of corruption" - featured patriotic songs and a sinister-looking black hand with red fingernails reaching for the Saudi flag. On Facebook, a hard-line group had the message for Saudi women seeking the right to drive: "Dream on."
Saudi Arabia has no written law barring women from driving - only fatwas, or religious edicts, by senior clerics following a strict brand of Islam known as Wahabism.
They claim the driving ban protects against the spread of vice and temptation because women drivers would be free to leave home alone and interact with male strangers. The prohibition forces families to hire live-in drivers or rely on male relatives to drive.
Saudi King Abdullah has promised some social reforms, but he depends on the clerics to support his ruling family and is unlikely to take steps that would bring backlash from the religious establishment.
Meanwhile, an Indonesian woman was executed in Saudi Arabia on Saturday for killing a Saudi woman, the Interior Ministry reported.
Ruyati bit Saboti Saruna confessed to killing the Saudi woman with a machete, the official Saudi Press Agency reported. No details were given about the motives in the killing.
